Temporomandibular joint problems

The temporomandibular joints (TMJs) are the two joints between the lower jaw (mandible) and the skull. They allow the jaw to open and close, move from side to side, and move forwards and backwards when chewing.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are relatively common and can affect anyone. Involvement of the TMJs can also occur in people with psoriatic arthritis, although this is uncommon.

The temporomandibular joint

Each TMJ contains a disc of cartilage that acts as a cushion and helps the joint move smoothly. The joint works both as a hinge and a sliding joint, allowing the range of movement needed for speaking, chewing and yawning.

What problems can occur?

The TMJs are lined with synovial membrane, which can become inflamed in people with inflammatory arthritis, including psoriatic arthritis. Symptoms can include:

• Headaches
• Tender jaw muscles
• Pain around the face, jaw joint or ear
• Pain when opening the mouth wide or chewing
• Joint stiffness
• Clicking, grating or popping when opening or closing the jaw
• Difficulty opening the mouth
• Locking of the jaw

If you are due to have an operation and have significant difficulty opening your mouth or a history of jaw locking, tell your anaesthetist.

Will my dentist recognise the problem?

TMJ symptoms can have several causes. For example, they may be linked with clenching or grinding the teeth, stress, problems with the bite, or overuse of the jaw muscles. Inflammation related to psoriatic arthritis can sometimes cause similar symptoms.

Tell your dentist if you have psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis and are experiencing jaw symptoms. They can assess whether a dental or jaw-related cause is likely and, where appropriate, liaise with or refer you to another specialist. Imaging may sometimes be used to investigate persistent or more severe symptoms.

Which healthcare professional should I see?

Speak to your dentist if you have new or persistent jaw symptoms. If you have psoriatic arthritis, you should also mention the symptoms to your rheumatology team, particularly if you have other signs of active inflammation.

If symptoms continue, your dentist may refer you to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, a specialist TMJ service or another appropriate healthcare professional. Treatment will depend on the cause and may include advice on jaw care, physiotherapy, dental treatment, medicines or, in some circumstances, treatment to reduce inflammation.

References:

NHS: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

Almășan OC, Hedeșiu M, Băciuț M, Buduru S, Dinu C. Psoriatic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint: a systematic review. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2023;50(3):243–255.

Reviewed: August 2026

Version ID: 2/TMJ/AAR/08/26